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| 3.3 |  | Windows and Cisco Commands for Physical Layer Information Gathering |
| 3.3.5 |  | Cisco IOS show commands |

Show commands represent the most complete set of tools in the IOS armory for collecting information on network outages. A very wide range of parameters can be examined individually, or in combination with other related parameters. Individual components in a router or switch can be examined, from a number of different angles. Use the show commands to gain insight to likely causes of loss of network connectivity.

Not all of the commands listed are available on some versions of Cisco operating systems. To determine which commands are available for use with particular devices, consult the online documentation for Cisco devices at http://www.cisco.com/univercd/home/home.htm.